Who directed 'Training Day' (2001)?

Who directed 'Selma' (2014)? Who directed 'The Help' (2011)? In what year was 'The Help' released? Who directed 'Precious' (2009)? In what year was 'Training Day' released? Who directed 'Ray' (2004)? In what year was 'Ray' released? Who directed 'An Officer and a Gentleman' (1982)?