Which president launched the New Deal?

Which president championed the building of the Panama Canal? Which president proposed the League of Nations after World War I? Which president's administration was hit by the Teapot Dome scandal? Which president was in office when the stock market crashed in 1929? Which president called December 7, 1941 "a date which will live in infamy"? Which president made the decision to use atomic bombs against Japan in 1945? Which president had a sign on his desk reading "The buck stops here"? Which former general, the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe, became the 34th President?