Which president issued the doctrine warning Europe against new colonization in the Americas?

Which president wrote the Declaration of Independence? Which president is known as the "Father of the Constitution"? Which president made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803? Which president sent Lewis and Clark on their expedition? Which president signed the Indian Removal Act of 1830, leading to the Trail of Tears? Which president led the U.S. during the Mexican-American War? Which president issued the Emancipation Proclamation? In what year did Abraham Lincoln deliver the Gettysburg Address?