What is referred to by 'ar ar'?

Based on the clue 'aquatic critter of the genus hippocampus', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'aquila chrysaetos is the golden type of this majes...', what is the answer? Which performer is associated with 'aquila'? What is referred to by 'aquiline'? Based on the clue 'ar stands for the problem of antibiotic this when ...', what is the answer? What is referred to by 'ar'? Based on the clue 'ara one of these star groups between triangulum au...', what is the answer? What is associated with: arab forces conquered this syrian capital in the 1600s the 1100s 1918?