What is referred to by 'a clockwork'?

Based on the clue 'a cloaklike garment for a gorilla', what is the answer? What is associated with: a clock invented in the black forest around 1775 introduced this little birdie to timekeeping? What is associated with: a clock set in the year 2000 losing 1 second a year would first be an hour off in this year? What is associated with: a clock tower built in 1530 is a landmark in this swiss capital city? Based on the clue 'a clockwork orange full metal jacket spartacus', what is the answer? What is referred to by 'a clockwork orange'? Based on the clue 'a clodius parnassian is one of these beautiful ins...', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'a close encounter of this degree involves actual c...', what is the answer?