What is associated with: birnbaums says there are over 10000 of these in ireland 2000 more in the north a lot to crawl through?

What is referred to by 'birkenstock as in shoes'? Based on the clue 'birmingham alabama is known as this pennsylvania c...', what is the answer? What is referred to by 'birmingham alabama'? Which performer is associated with 'birmingham'? Based on the clue 'birnbaums travel guide calls this volcano the terr...', what is the answer? Which performer is associated with 'birr'? What is associated with: birth date dec 8 1542 birthplace linlithgow palace built by this royal house? Based on the clue 'birth of a nations director casts his matrimonial ...', what is the answer?