What is associated with: before the advent of this device in the 1911 indy 500 passengers called riding mechanics watched for cars coming up behind?

What is associated with: before the 1912 cadillac we risked broken bones turning these to start the car we liked it? What is associated with: before the 1941 42 battle of this capital the wehrmacht was advancing after retreating? What is associated with: before the 1960s these vehicles that carry the injured were rarely stocked with medical equipm… Based on the clue 'before the 5 cent piece was nickel it was silver ...', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'before the battle of long island he told the conti...', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'before the battle of trafalgar he told his fleet e...', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'before the blues brothers dan aykroyd john belush...', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'before the city of lincoln was chosen thomas cumin...', what is the answer?