What do officials throw to mark a spot, such as a fumble or punt catch point?

What is "the red zone" in football? What does "PAT" stand for? What is a "two-minute warning"? What do referees throw to signal a penalty? What color flag does an NFL coach throw to challenge a play? What is the "Lambeau Leap"? Which famous NFL broadcaster was known for his "Boom!" and telestrator drawings? Which announcer called the 1980 "Miracle on Ice" and later the NFL on ABC's 'Monday Night Football' and NBC's 'Sunday N…