Based on the clue 'a closed one catches no flies', what is the answer?

What is referred to by 'a close friend'? Based on the clue 'a close relative of the wild goat this egyptian ma...', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'a close shave means you made it out by the skin of...', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'a closed fracture is also called a simple fracture...', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'a closed plane figure specifically like a standard...', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'a clothing company slim straight 514 cords 501 ori...', what is the answer? Based on the clue 'a clothing store mannequin probably inspired this ...', what is the answer? What is associated with: a cloud of ash circled the earth when most of this volcanic island was obliterated in an 1883…